Following the onset of campaigns in North and East Africa, and the fall of France in mid-1940, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire, with the war in the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain, the Blitz of the UK, and the Battle of the Atlantic. In June 1941, Germany led the European Axis powers in an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the Eastern Front, the largest land theatre of war in history. Japan aimed to dominate East Asia and the Asia-Pacific, and by 1937 was at war with the Republic of China.

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Ingram, Norman (2006). “Pacifism”. Joes, Anthony James (2004). Resisting Rebellion: The History. London & New York: Hambledon Continuum. Politics of Counterinsurgency. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. The Columbia History Of Twentieth-Century French Thought. Jowett, Philip S. (2001). The Italian Army 1940-45, Volume 2: Africa 1940-43. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. New York: Columbia University Press. In Lawrence D. Kritzman; Brian J. Reilly (eds.). Iriye, Akira (1981). Power and Culture: The Japanese-American War, 1941-1945. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Jackson, Ashley (2006). The British Empire and the Second World War.

Milner, Marc (1990). “The Battle of the Atlantic”. Milward, A.S. (1964). “The End of the Blitzkrieg”. Minford, Patrick (1993). “Reconstruction and the UK Postwar Welfare State: False Start and New Beginning”. In Gooch, John (ed.). Abingdon: Frank Cass. pp. Decisive Campaigns of the Second World War. Postwar Economic Reconstruction. Lessons for the East Today. Mingst, Karen A.; Karns, Margaret P. (2007). United Nations in the Twenty-First Century (3rd ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. In Rudiger Dornbusch; Wilhelm Nölling; Richard Layard (eds.). War, Economy, and Society, 1939-1945. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. The Economic History Review.

Second World War was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world’s countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participating countries invested all available economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities into this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war.

Others view the Spanish Civil War as the start or prelude to World War II. A peace treaty between Japan. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 15 August 1945 (V-J Day), rather than with the formal surrender of Japan on 2 September 1945, which officially ended the war in Asia. The exact date of the war’s end also is not universally agreed upon.